For years, conservationists have warned about overfishing of large sharks in the northwestern
The study, by Ransom A. Myers of
“People are always asking me why we should care about sharks,” said Ellen Pikitch, a marine biologist at the
But Steve Murawski, director of scientific programs and the chief science adviser at the National Marine Fisheries Service, said the study had not conclusively shown a connection between declines in certain species and increases in others. “It certainly shows correlation,” Dr. Murawski said. “What we don’t have is a smoking gun in terms of a predation link.” There are alternative hypotheses for some of the population effects described, he said, including habitat loss and pollution.
The study combined long-term data on shark, skate and ray populations, along with experiments that showed the impact cownose rays can have on scallops. Dr. Myers, a leader in the study of the impact of overfishing in the oceans, died Tuesday of a brain tumor. Pete Peterson, a marine biologist at the
Dr. Peterson said the cownose ray was just one of 12 midlevel species that the study showed were becoming more abundant because of the disappearance of sharks. “There’s another 11 out there doing who knows what,” he said. Dr. Peterson said the rays practically denude scallop beds during their end-of-summer southward migration along the Eastern seaboard. The timing is such that the scallops are devoured before they have a chance to reproduce. “Cownose rays aren’t so wise in their sustainable use of the resource,” he said.
“They eat them before they’ve spawned.” Sonja V. Fordham, manager of the international fish conservation program at the Ocean Conservancy, said the study was being published at an opportune time, as the fisheries service is amending its 1993 management plan for shark fisheries. “The sad reality is that the Atlantic shark management plan is one of the most comprehensive and restrictive in the world, and it’s failing,” said Ms. Fordham, who added that the study affirmed her group’s position that the solution was to close certain shark fisheries. “After 13 years of trying, it’s not working,” she said. “It’s time to shut the thing down.”
(By Henry Fountain, NYT, 31/03/2007)